An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process as shown in the density-pressure graph. During the process $AB$, the work done $|W_{AB}| = 70\,J$. During the process $BC$, the gas absorbs $150\,J$ of heat. During the process $CA$, the gas undergoes expansion and does $210\,J$ of work. Which of the following statements is correct?

  • A
    The efficiency of the cyclic process is $33\%$.
  • B
    The efficiency of the cyclic process is $66\%$.
  • C
    The process $CA$ is adiabatic.
  • D
    The process $BC$ is isothermal.

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An ideal gas with pressure $P$,volume $V$ and temperature $T$ is expanded isothermally to a volume $2V$ and a final pressure $P_i$. The same gas is expanded adiabatically to a volume $2V$,the final pressure is $P_a$. In terms of the ratio of the two specific heats for the gas $\gamma$,the ratio $\frac{P_i}{P_a}$ is

The volume $V$ of a given mass of monoatomic gas changes with temperature $T$ according to the relation $V = KT^{2/3}$. The work done when temperature changes by $90\,K$ will be $xR$. The value of $x$ is $[R = \text{universal gas constant}]$

An ideal gas undergoes a cyclic thermodynamic process in different ways as shown in the corresponding $P-V$ diagrams in column $3$ of the table. Consider only the path from state $1$ to $2$. $W$ denotes the corresponding work done on the system. The equations and plots in the table have standard notations as used in thermodynamic processes. Here $\gamma$ is the ratio of heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume. The number of moles in the gas is $n$.
Column $I$Column $II$Column $III$
$(I)$ $W_{1-2} = \frac{1}{\gamma-1}(P_2V_2 - P_1V_1)$$(i)$ Isothermal$(P)$ [Graph $P$]
$(II)$ $W_{1-2} = -P(V_2 - V_1)$(ii) Isochoric$(Q)$ [Graph $Q$]
$(III)$ $W_{1-2} = 0$(iii) Isobaric$(R)$ [Graph $R$]
$(IV)$ $W_{1-2} = -nRT \ln(\frac{V_2}{V_1})$(iv) Adiabatic$(S)$ [Graph $S$]

$(1)$ Which of the following options is the only correct representation of a process in which $\Delta U = \Delta Q - P \Delta V$?
$[A] (II) (iii) (P)$ $[B] (II) (iii) (R)$ $[C] (II) (iv) (S)$ $[D] (III) (iii) (P)$
$(2)$ Which one of the following options is the correct combination?
$[A] (III) (ii) (S)$ $[B] (II) (iv) (R)$ $[C] (II) (iv) (P)$ $[D] (IV) (ii) (S)$
$(3)$ Which one of the following options correctly represents a thermodynamic process that is used as a correction in the determination of the speed of sound in an ideal gas?
$[A] (III) (iv) (R)$ $[B] (I) (ii) (Q)$ $[C] (I) (iv) (Q)$ $[D] (I) (iv) (R)$

$A$ bubble containing $8$ moles of Helium is submerged at a certain depth in water. When the temperature of the water increases by $30 \ ^\circ C$,how much heat in $J$ is added during the expansion of the Helium bubble?

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